Section 156 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 empowers police officers to investigate cognizable offences without prior approval from a Magistrate. This provision forms the backbone of criminal investigation procedures in India. The post explains the scope of this section, its procedural safeguards, and its relationship with Sections 154 and 157. It also highlights the role of the Magistrate under Section 190 in directing investigations and addresses common legal challenges related to unauthorized or excessive police action.